Introduction: Hopelessness is one of the most important symptoms of the patients with depression. This situation is the origin of decreasing personal and social functions.Materials and Methods: The aim of this research is to study future expectancy among the Prisoners of the Central Prison of Khorramabad that their depression was proved by screening lest (BDI) of depression and psychiatric interview. This descriptive cross - sectional study was carried out on 191 Prisoners. who completed Beck Depression Inventory questionnaire (BDl) and were assessed by psychiatric interview .Findings: Results showed that 64.92 % of this population were hopeless about future and 35.08 % had future expectancy the most hopeless Prisoners (83.4%) were belonged to the age group of 20-24 years old. Between age increase and risk of depression there was a significant statistical relationship.Hopelessness was observed more in males (57.59%) than in females (43.41 %). Future expectancy was more in married Prisoners than in the single ones, as well as hopelessness was more in rural Prisoners (72%) then in the urban ones (28%).Conclusion: Regarding the results of this study, it seems that future expectancy plays an important role in human mental health, function and suitable inter - individuals and social relationships.

Background & Objectives: Anemia is one of the main problems in the world with a major effect on the working output of individuals. Taking into consideration that Prison is a closed environment and the food intake of the Prisoners is based on the routine diet they receive, the prevalence of anemia was investigated in the Central Prison of Mashhad.Material & Methods: This was a descriptive study upon 435 people (48 women and 387 men) who were randomly selected from the Prisoners jailed in Central Prison of Mashhad. A questionnaire including questions regarding weekly receiving foods, sex, age, judiciary and crime type was completed. A blood sample was initially taken from the selected people and hemoglobin, ferritin and iron were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and student, chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests.Results: Generally, 6.5% of Prisoners suffered from anemia diagnosed by low hemoglobin and hematocrit it. Anemia diagnosed by ferritin was more prevalent in women than men (p<0.001). Iron insufficiency was significantly more in women than men. The data also showed that anemia was increased with age.Conclusion: Based on the current study and the classification of the World Health Organization, iron deficiency anemia had a moderate prevalence among the Prisoners of Mashhad Central Prison. Considering the physical and mental effects of iron deficiency anemia, special attention to sufficient micronutrient supplementation in Prisoners’ diet is recommended.

Background: Living in colonies and public places may cause increase in infectious diseases. Prisons are places with high density population. Prisoners don't persist on moral and social dictim bases and usually have low educational and cultural levels. So they are at high risk of several diseases including, contagious skin diseases. Objective: As contagious skin diseases are important for social health care, this study was done to determine the prevalence of this diseases in a Prison in Kerman. Patients & Methods: This cross-sectional Study was done on 3525 Prisoners, comprising about half of the Prisoners, in the Central Prison of Kerman. Results: 2851 of the case were male and 674 were female. The mean age of male cases was 36.05 +/-11.3 years and for female were 35.5 +/-14.0 years. Among all Prisoners 4.6% had pediculosis. 1.2% had scabies and 3.7% had tinea pedis. Among the Prisoners 55.8% were addict and 73.6% were smokers. There were, no meaningful relationship between addiction or smoking and the diseases (p= 0.576 and p=0.660). Conclusion: Contagious skin diseases are common in Prisons. Health and security authorities should plan for a community free of drugs, Prisons and Prisoners.      

Introduction: Scabies is a highly contagious zoonotic skin disease caused by the parasitic mite. The disease spreads throughout the world and a is major public health problem in many developing countries and basically associated with poverty and overcrowding population. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to investigate epidemiologically the scabies in the Central Prison of Hamadan in 2013.Methods: This is an analytical descriptive-cross sectional study. From 2900 male Prisoners, 384 were chosen by using the systematic method after checking and clinical examination then, the data were gathered by the demographic questionnaire and they were analyzed by SPSS version 20 using chi-square test and T-test.Results: The results showed that 2.6% of the Prisoners were diagnosed with scabies. The highest prevalence was in the age group of 30-39 years. Also, the prevalence of scabies was observed more in people, who were in Prison for less than 6 months, buying and selling of drug addiction, lack of having a specific bed, common use of blankets, bath once and less per week and lack of using shampoo and soap. Rate of infection on the trunk, arms and legs were 40, 40 and 20 percent, respectively. Mean of age, term of imPrisonment and Prisoner’s room members did not show a significant difference between healthy and infected individuals (P>0.05).Conclusion: In this study, high incidence rate of scabies was seen. With education about symptoms and ways of transmission and treatment of infected patients and improve health as well as reduce the number of Prisoners living in each room can be an important step in the control of the disease.

The Prison Entrepreneurship Program is a rehabilitation program that attempts to return former illegal entrepreneurial activities to legal entrepreneurship through training and skills enhancement and providing support both in Prison and after release. This paper aimed at prioritizing the implementation barriers of Prison Entrepreneurship Program from employees’ perspective, in the Kerman City Prison and the Central Department of Kerman Province Prisons. It is applied research and it is exploratory study. First, the barriers of the program extracted from its official reports. Then, the analytical tree was designed, and by considering it, the AHP questionnaire, include of 13 paired comparisons was designed and completed by 25 experts (employees of mentioned departments) which were selected by purposive sampling. After gathering preliminary data, the final weights were obtained through Expert Choice software 11. Based on the results, at the level of the criteria, the “legal barriers” with a relative weight of 0/470 won the first rank and the “financial barriers” with a relative weight of 0/280 won the second rank. At the level of alternatives, in general, the “lack of funding support” with a final weight of 0/163 won the first rank and the “criminal records” with a final weight of 0/140 won second place.

Background: Prisons play an important role in the prevalence of Tuberculosis (TB) in a region. This study aimed to determine the situation of TB in high-risk male Prisoners in Shiraz Central Prison of Fars province in southern Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study (June-October 2018) was conducted on male Prisoners in Shiraz Central Prison, southern Iran. According to 4 criteria, the Prisoners were determined as high-risk Prisoners for TB, and para clinical tests included three sputum samples and chest radiograph were performed for them. Then, the high risk and low risk participants were compared in terms of demographic characteristics and past medical history. Results: Among 2, 995 Prisoners, only 108 (3. 6%) had at least one of the high-risk criteria. But after performing further TB tests for these Prisoners, no Prisoners with TB disease were found. The high-risk Prisoners were statistically older than low-risk Prisoners (38. 30±, 9. 74 vs. 35. 17±, 9. 62, P=0. 001). Also, the length of incarceration was statistically different in both groups (P=0. 002), and drug abuse was more in high-risk group (P<0. 001). Moreover, high risk Prisoners used cigarettes/day more (14. 87±, 11. 55 vs. 9. 71±, 9. 09, P<0. 001), but both groups were not different in term of the marital status (P=0. 519), educational level (P=0. 662), job (P=0. 39), and nationality (P=0. 342). Conclusion: Our results showed that none of the high-risk Prisoners for TB had positive test. The length of incarceration, drug abuse, smoking, as well as age were more in high-risk Prisoners in comparing low risk group.

Introduction: Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was first developed to assess and monitor nutritional status of Americans by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in 1989. HEI is one of the scoring systems in nutritional researches. Since Prison is an isolated place and Prisoner’s state of health to some degree depends on the food consumed, therefore the nutritional status by this index might have some implementations for the policy makers.Materials and Methods: In a cross sectional study 435 Prisoners (48 females and 387 males) were recruited using stratified random sampling method proportional to the ward population. Food intake from different sources in Prison was assessed by analysing Prison food menu, measuring wasted foods and food bought and provided by Prison supermarkets.Results: HEI score in Mashhad Central Prison was 80 percent of the total calculated score. Scores for consumption of fruit, meat and poultry, dairy products and food variety were 0, 4, 9.5 and 9 respectively. Other food groups concerned with vegetable and cereals had scores of 10. Sodium intake representing the salt consumption was not measured.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that eating pattern of Prisoners is healthy but steps might be taken to improve the quality of the food consumed.

Background: Emotional Intelligence may have a basic role in confronting stress and controlling of human behavior.The aim of this study is a statistical classification of the crimes based on Emotional Intelligence level in Prisoners of Yazd Central Prison.Methods: 320 Prisoners of Yazd Central Prison were selected and demographic data was gathered through a researcher made questionnaire. They classified into three groups based on perpetrated crimes. The questionnaire Bar- on had been used to determine emotional quotient. Among the questionnaires, 281 of them had been filled out.Obtained data were analyzed statistically.Findings: Results showed that Prisoners who had perpetrated the crime of unlawful relationship, had the lowest and perisoners who had perpetrated the crime related to draw a cheque, had the highest emotional quotient. The Prisoners who had perpetrated other crimes such as quarrel, theft, illicit substance related and fraud had emotional quotient between those two groups.Conclusion: The results of this study can help involved persons in planning for crime prevention by goal directed educations of criminals especially Prisoners.